ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam | Questions and Answers with Rationales | LATEST 2020/ 2021

1. A nurse is planning to collect a stool specimen for ova and parasites from a client who has diarrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when collecting the specimen?
A. Instruct the client to defecate into the toilet bowl
-incorrect: The nurse should have the client defecate into a bedpan or a container for stool collection. The toilet water can dilute and contaminate the liquid specimen.
B. Transfer the specimen to a sterile container
-incorrect: The nurse should place the stool specimen in a clean container using a tongue depressor.
C. Refrigerate the collected specimen
-incorrect: The nurse should send the collected stool specimen immediately to the laboratory after labeling the specimen properly to prevent contamination with microorganisms and keep the specimen from getting cold. D. Place the stool specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
-The nurse should place the specimen collection container in a biohazard bag with the client label on the container and the bag for easy identification. This will also prevent contamination with microorganisms.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy and requires suctioning. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Hyper oxygenate the client before suctioning
-The nurse should use a manual resuscitation bag to hyper oxygenate the client for several minutes prior to suctioning.
B. Insert the catheter during exhalation
-incorrect: The nurse should insert the catheter during inhalation
C. Apply suction during insertion of the catheter
-incorrect: Applying suction while inserting the catheter increases the risk of damage to the tracheal mucosa and removes oxygen from the airways.
D. Apply suction for no more than 15 secs
-incorrect: The nurse should apply suction for no more than 10 seconds
3. A nurse is providing teaching to a client regarding protein intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse include as an example of an incomplete protein?
A. Eggs
-incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for the synthesis of protein in the body.
B. Soybeans
-incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for the synthesis of protein in the body.
C. Lentils
-Incomplete proteins are missing 1 or more of the essential amino acids necessary for the synthesis of protein in the body. Examples of incomplete proteins include lentils, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds.
D. Yogurt
-incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for the synthesis of protein in the body.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted to a long-term care facility for rehabilitation after a total hip arthroplasty. At which of the following times should the nurse begin discharge planning?
A. One week prior to the client’s discharge
-incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client’s discharge a week prior to the event might not allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time of admission. B. Upon the client’s admission to the care facility
-The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time that the client is admitted to the facility.
C. Once the discharge date is identified
-incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client’s discharge once the discharge date is identified might not allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time of admission.
D. When the client addresses the topic with the nurse
-incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client’s discharge once the discharge date is identified might not allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time of admission.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer a cleansing enema to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
A. Insert the rectal tube 15.2 cm (6 in)
-incorrect: The nurse should insert the rectal tube 7 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in)
B. Wear sterile gloves to insert the tubing
-incorrect: The nurse should wear clean (nonsterile) gloves to prevent contamination. C. Position the client on his left side
-Positioning is an important aspect of administering an enema. Having the client lie on his left side facilitates the flow of the enema solution into the sigmoid and descending colon.
D. Hold the solution bag 91 cm (36 inch) above the client’s rectum
-incorrect: The nurse should hold the solution bag 30 cm (12 in) above the client’s rectum for a low enema and 45 cm (18 in) for a high enema. If the nurse holds the solution bag too high, the solution might run in too fast, causing discomfort and spasms that make retaining the enema more difficult.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has bilateral cats on her hands. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when assisting the client with feeding? A. Sit at the bedside when feeding the client
-The nurse should avoid appearing to be in a hurry. Sitting at the bedside provides the client with the nurse’s full attention during the feeding