PHIL 347N - Wk 3 Checkpoint Quiz

1. According to the text, how do the views of stronger, more developed critical thinkers
toward authority differ from those in earlier stages of cognitive development? (pg. 116-
117)

2. Briefly, in your own words, state how the text defines “expert.” (pg. 134)

3. When presented with a claim unsupported by reasons (for example, “the health risks of
vaping have been underestimated”), what three options does a critical thinker have to
evaluate such a claim? (pg. 115-116 – last sentence on 115, going into 116)

4. Is the following statement true or untrue? Explain your answer. “If a claim cannot
be confirmed by an independent investigation, then it must be false.” (pg. 130-
131)

5. Is the following statement true or untrue? Explain your answer. “If we do not
believe that a claim is true, then we must believe that the claim is false.” (pg.
132-33)